El Nino and La Nina

El Nino is caused by the periodic shift in wind speed and direction in the tropical eastern Pacific which leads to changes in sea Surface temperatures. In what scientists call El Niño events, prevailing easterly winds weaken or give way to westerly winds, and the normal upwelling process, which brings cool, nutrient-rich waters up from lower levels of the ocean, stops.

This causes sea surface temperatures to rise, providing an unfavorable habitat for many sea animals and fish. The warmer ocean conditions can also lead to more rainfall and floods along the west coast of the Americas. A stronger easterly wind flow, on the other hand, can increase upwelling and make the sea surface temperatures even colder, producing La Nina. Both phenomena can have far-reaching weather effects. For example, strong El Niño events often result in a weak Atlantic Ocean hurricane season; La Nina events can spell drought, even for normally dry California.

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laws of pollution

Various laws has been established to curb the menace of air pollution

      - Policy statement for Abatement of Pollution, 1992.

      - National Conservation Strategy & Policy statement on environment & development,1992.

      - Air (Prevention & control of pollution)Act, 1981

      - Air (Prevention & control of pollution ) Act,1981

      - The government is trying to remove the use of leaded petrol, a major cause of air pollution.

      - the industrial acts are implemented to control the harmful emission of gases.

      - the natural management team is is hardcore work to minimise the effect of various natural disaster like    

         forest fire, volcanic erruption that are causes of airr pollution.

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Thermal pollution

The broadest definition of thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature. Thermal pollution is usually associated with increases of water temperatures in a stream, lake, or ocean due to the discharge of heated water from industrial processes, such as the generation of electricity. Increases in ambient water temperature also occur in streams where shading vegetation along the banks is removed or where sediments have made the water more turbid . Both of these effects allow more energy from the sun to be absorbed by the water and thereby increase its temperature. There are also situations in which the effects of colder-than-normal water temperatures may be observed. For example, the discharge of cold bottom water from deep-water reservoirs behind large dams has changed the downstream biological communities in systems such as the Colorado River.


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Polar sun synchronous satellite

Polar sun synchronous satellite
An orbit in which the satellite's orbital plane is at a fixed orientation to the sun, i.e., the orbit precesses about the earth at the same rate that the earth orbits the sun. It has the characteristics of maintaining similar sun angles along its ground trace for all orbits, and typically has an inclination from 96 to 98 degrees, depending on the orbit altitude and orbit shape (eccentricity).


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Natural stellite

Natural stellite is a celestial body not made by man, that orbits a planet, a star, or a smaller body. A planet orbiting a star, or a dwarf galaxy orbiting a major galaxy, moons, & asteroids orbiting a planet are natural satellite.


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Geosynchronous satellites

Also called geostationary, or simply GEO, it refers to the movement of communication satellites where the satellite circles the globe over the equator, in a movement that is synchronized with the earth's rotation. Because of this synchronization, the satellite appears to be stationary, and they also offer continuous operation in the area of visibility. These types of satellite are said to have a geostationary orbit, and it is the most common type of orbit for communications satellites.


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Ecology

Ecology is the study of environmental systems, or as it is sometimes called, the economy of nature. "Environmental" usually means relating to the natural, versus human-made world; the "systems" means that ecology is, by its very nature, not interested in just the components of nature individually but especially in how the parts interact.


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